股權(quán)架構(gòu)設(shè)計一般涉及的問題比較多，股權(quán)設(shè)計及合伙人持股方式應(yīng)與各合伙人的貢獻大小、企業(yè)類型相匹配，并兼顧長期性。同時需要結(jié)合公司不同股東的訴求來進行設(shè)計。

The design of equity structure generally involves many issues, and the equity design and partner shareholding methods should match the contribution size of each partner, the type of enterprise, and take into account long-term sustainability. At the same time, it is necessary to design based on the demands of different shareholders of the company.

創(chuàng)始人或核心團隊對公司的控制權(quán)訴求：創(chuàng)始人或核心團隊傾向于有限合伙的持股方式，通常這種方式由公司的實際控制人擔任普通合伙人，其他公司或個人擔任有限合伙人。因為有限合伙人僅有分紅權(quán)，沒有決策權(quán)，所以這種方式隔離了持股公司或個人的表決權(quán)與分紅權(quán)，利于實際控制人掌控公司。

The founder or core team's demand for control over the company: The founder or core team tends to hold shares in a limited partnership, usually with the actual controller of the company serving as the general partner and other companies or individuals serving as limited partners. Because limited partners only have dividend rights and no decision-making power, this method isolates the voting and dividend rights of holding companies or individuals, which is beneficial for the actual controller to control the company.

部分股東希望參與重要事項決策的訴求：該類股東可能包括重要創(chuàng)業(yè)成員、投資機構(gòu)、專業(yè)顧問等，他們的訴求需要通過直接持股達成。通過直接持股，公司與個人都擁有完整的表決權(quán)與分紅權(quán)。只是個人持股會面臨自然人取得分紅后的納稅問題。

The demand of some shareholders to participate in important decision-making matters: such shareholders may include important entrepreneurial members, investment institutions, professional consultants, etc. Their demand needs to be achieved through direct shareholding. Through direct shareholding, both companies and individuals have complete voting and dividend rights. Individual shareholding will only face tax issues after natural persons receive dividends.

部分股東僅希望取得分紅的訴求規(guī)避納稅的訴求：為了避免自然人取得分紅納稅，個人可以先設(shè)立全資公司，再通過公司持股。因為公司之間分紅不涉及所得稅，如此可以將分紅留存全資公司，節(jié)省稅務(wù)成本。通過設(shè)置持股平臺架構(gòu)，將股權(quán)進行歸集，控制權(quán)集中，也就是通過把股東的股權(quán)放置于一個主體之內(nèi)，通過這個主體集中行使表決權(quán)，終實現(xiàn)控制公司的目的。常用的持股平臺架構(gòu)有有限合伙企業(yè)、有限公司、信托計劃等。

Some shareholders only hope to obtain dividends to avoid tax claims: In order to prevent natural persons from paying taxes on dividends, individuals can first establish a wholly-owned company and then hold shares through the company. Because dividends between companies do not involve income tax, they can be retained by the wholly-owned company, saving tax costs. By setting up a shareholding platform structure, the equity is consolidated and control is centralized, which means placing the equity of shareholders within a single entity and exercising voting rights through this entity, ultimately achieving the goal of controlling the company. The commonly used shareholding platform structures include limited partnership enterprises, limited companies, trust plans, etc.

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